Kansas 

Kihon (Basics)

The fundamentals of executing individual techniques, combinations and movement.

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Kata (Forms)

Standardized preset routines using karate techniques

The sets of kata are maintained as the "blueprint" of the art.

Bunkai (Analysis) of techniques in kata is an important part of kata training. Every move has a meaning, with variations and implications to help understand applications and strategy.

 

 

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Kumite (Sparring)

Kumite is the controlled engagements between practitioners to apply the techniques of karate. 

Sanbon Kumite (three-step sparring) uses pre-determined attacks to help develop adjusting range and timing, as well as to help develop the foundation for understanding responses to attacks. This type of training is normally used for training beginners.

Ippon Kumite (one-step sparring) is the same as three-step sparring, except it does not have the luxury of getting three chances to adjust the range. There are various levels of Ippon Kumite - from novice to advanced. The novice-level Ippon Kumite is quite rudimentary, using basic, direct counter-attacks. The intermediate-level Ippon Kumite normally involves multiple counter-attack techniques. Students learn to employ the appropriate technique according to the range and target. The advanced-level Ippon Kumite does not necessarily involve multiple counter-attack techniques. The most important is the execution of decisive, precise counter-attack techniques. The Ippon Kumite at the advanced level can be quite vigourous, involving throws and arm-locks. The most important aspect of kumite is self defense.

 

Jiyu Ippon Kumite (one-step free sparring) is similar to Ippon Kumite, in that the attacking techniques are predetermined. However, the attacker has the option of deciding how the attack is made. The attacker may use feints and manuever before the actual attack. The defender defends using mainly strikes and possibly a throw or sweep. The attacker then has the obligation to defend against the counter-attack.

Jiyu Kumite (free sparring) helps develop spontaneity and strategy. Due to the dynamic nature of this training method, proper adjustment of distance and timing are critical. Due to safety concerns, rules of engagements are used. Joint-locks are prohibited and types throws are limited.

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Types of techniques (Categories of techniques)

Atemi waza: Striking techniques, open hand or closed.

Keri waza: Kicking techniques.

Kansetsu waza: Joint-lock techniques.

Nage waza: Throwing techniques.

Shime waza: Choking techniques (not necessarily on the neck).

Harai waza: Sweeping techniques.

Kyusho waza: Vital point techniques.

Ukemi waza: Break-fall techniques.